ltl freight shipping is the backbone of international trade and hence the global economy. Indeed, 25 000 billion ton-km of cargo roam the oceans annually compared to 7 000 pourle 3 000 rail and by road. It is not less than 71% of all cargo transported worldwide. As the air and land,

ltl freight shipping evolves on its own space: a space both geographically by its physical attributes but also by its strategic employment.

The concept of maritime network based on the existence of regular routes, although the importance of maritime routes varies depending on the degree of economic development. Sea lanes consist of a few kilometers wide with a general pattern seeks to circumvent the discontinuities imposed by the masses and other properties of the oceans. As a result, they function as points of passage (which are also strategic areas), to physical constraints (ribs winds, currents, depth, reefs, ice) as well as political boundaries. A majority of traficmaritime takes place along the coastal lines. Moreover, three continents have a river trade limited (Africa, Australia and Asia, excluding China).

Obviously, the physiography shipping consists of two main components: the rivers and oceans.

     * Rivers. They meet the needs of inadequately shipping because their use is seasonal and the current direction is independent of the origins and destinations of traffic. Are among the most important rivers: the Amazon (6 437 km), Chang Jiang (6 379 km), Huang Jiang (4 672 km), Mekong (4 184 km) and Mississippi (3 766 km) .
     * Oceans. They occupy 71% of the world: the Pacific (165 million km2), Atlantic (82 million km2), the Indian Ocean (73 million km2) and Mediterranean (2.5 million km2).

However, some jurisdictions do not have access to the ocean. These are maritime enclaves, and they have come to undertake a maritime trade. However, the enclave status does not necessarily mean exclusion from international trade.

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